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Simulate Soil Consolidation
Simulate Soil Consolidation
Due date 11:59PM Friday 28 May April 2021 (local
Sydney time)
You are tasked to write the parts needed for the simulation of soil consolidation.
Changes to description
This document is being updated:
Students should refer to the Ed website for any clari�cations, or changes to being made to the
assignment description.
A brief list of changes is documented here.
9 May 2021
CLAY_COMPRESSIBILITY_RATE is 0.001. It is a constant dening water units moved per 1kN per
hour (no longer 100kN)
A message to all students about Academic Integrity
This is an assignment and sta are not permitted to give specic guidance on your code, or how to
solve the specic problem. That is the purpose of the assessment that you are required to perform to
achieve the grade.
You may ask clarication questions about the assignment description. This is often necessary to
implement functionality that is otherwise ambiguous.
The assignment description is not intended to be complete and you can conrm your assumptions in
a form of a question. In asking the question you should be quoting the description you are asking
about.
If you have a question to ask on Ed please search before asking. However, remember that you
should not be posting any assignment code publicly, as this would constitute academic
dishonesty.
Also, do not wait too long before starting. This assignment needs time and sustained eort.
Background
Consolidation is the gradual changes in volume of a partly or fully saturated soil when subject to a
sustained load. The changes are mainly due to the removal of gases, uids and organic matter from
the soil. We simplify our model to consider this matter as water.
A sample of soil shows the particles arranged with voids between them.
Soil can be composed of many minerals, primary silica, but clay, sand, shale, rock. Some of these
have more water content than others. Water is present within soil and we can assume water is an
incompressible uid, where any pressure applied will cause the water to move to a lower pressure.
The water is eectively squeezed out of the soil very slowly.
Soil consolidation has a huge impact on the planning and construction of buildings throughout
history. The leaning tower of Pisa is a great example to showcase the importance of soil consolidation
[https://www.geoengineer.org/education/web-class-projects/ce-179-geosystems-engineeringdesign/assignments/the-tilt-of-the-tower-of-pisa-why-and-how
].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nK4oDD-4CeE
The purpose of the simulation is to determine:
how long consolidation will take for a given load and placement over a soil conguration
how much water is displaced during consolidation
what are the changes in height of the soil after consolidation
Simulation Input and Output
functionality for le input/output provided for you
The simulation will require information about the nature of the soil, the load, and the parameters
used to simulate. These are read from a le using the three command line arguments.
$ simulate.py

h>
Your program will read in a le for the simulation parameters from argument 1
Your program will read in a le for the soil geometry and composition from argument 2
Your program will write to a �le for the results of the simulation from argument 3
For example:
$ simulate.py tests/params_example1.in tests/soil_example1.in sim_results_p1_s1.txt
Modelling of the problem
The modelling of soil consolidation in this assignment makes the following assumptions:
soil particles have no air
soil particles initially have a capacity to hold water and is considered full
for example, if clay can hold 40% water, then at the beginning of the simulation, the clay
particle holds 40% water.
water is an incompressible uid
water moving out of a particle will cause the particle to compress
any amount of water removed from a particle cannot be reintroduced
soil particle categorisation is limited to Clay and Shale and only relevant to the initial conditions
bedrock is an incompressible particle and will always provide an equal and opposite reactive
force
The void particle is a simple characterisation of representing a lower pressure area and it is
assume to have no volume or capacity. A sand column could be represented as a lower
pressure region, but as a void it has no capacity.
We model a particle of soil.
soil consists of a mixture of solid matter (aggregate) and water.
soil particle has a capacity to hold water. This is dictated by the soil type and the water capacity
value [0,1]
soil particle has pressure acting on it.
Initially the soil particle is at a rest state, in equilibrium with its neighbours.
adding force to the soil will cause change in pressure and result in a movement of water
assume a particle is 1 unit wide and 1 unit deep (square)
We model the movement of water.
water is an incompressible uid.
the entire soil mass is considered as a body of uid where the pressure is even throughout.
water reaching a void in the soil will cause it to leak out (sink). Void are explicitly dened in
every simulation.
pressure acting on the soil will cause the equivalent water mass to leave the exit points of the
soil.
There should always be a leak point, place for water to be displaced.
If soil has no leak points, the pressure will continue to rise and no water movement is
possible until there is a break in those soil barriers such as bedrock. This building of
pressure and breaking is not considered in the model or the simulation.
water can move up into a void, against gravity. This is to reduce complexity of the assignment.
We model the rate at which water moves out of soil:
it is constant (for simplicity)
Water volume moved per 1kN per hour
CLAY_COMPRESSIBILITY_RATE = 0.001
SHALE_COMPRESSIBILITY_RATE = 0.0005
More water cannot be removed from a particle:
if there is 0.04 water in a particle of clay, and 100kN is applied over one hour.
Water moved is 100,000 x 0.001 = 0.1 . 0.1 > 0.04 , and we expect the particle
of clay will have 0.00 units of water.
File formats
Applicable to parse_sim_parameters and parse_soil_data
The le format contains pairs of Labels and Values , as well as Comments .
# comments
label1
value(s) for label1
label2
value(s) for label2
label3
value(s) for label3
# comments
...
Comments
A comment is identied when the # symbol rst appears in the line after any whitespace.
# a valid comment
# also a valid comment
### valid comment
-- # INVALID comment
NOT # a # comment
Comments can appear after or before a label/value(s) pair.
# comment1
# more of comment1
label1
value(s) for label1
# comment2
# comment2
label2
value(s) for label2
# comment3
label3
value(s) for label3
# comment4
# more comments...
Labels and Values
A label is the text used to identify the parameter. e.g. Load weight . A value is information for that
label. e.g. 1000
Load weight
1000
Once a label has been identied, the value(s) are always in next lines that follow. A blank line is used
to separate denitions of labels and their values.
Labels can appear at any point within the le. There is no speci�c ordering.
Label matching and identication
Each le format has a well dene set of labels.
All label matching is case insensitive.
Duplicate labels
Labels appearing more than once are permitted, however, only the last value is used.
For example:
Load weight
1000
Load weight
800
During the reading of the le, the program should print a message to the console stderr Warning
label Load weight defined twice. Using last value of 800
Simulation Parameters le format
Applicable to parse_sim_parameters
Load location, width
,
Load weight

Load type

Load timing

Load custom data