COMP3311 23T1 Assignment 1
Queries and Functions on BeerDB
Database Systems
Last updated: Sunday 5th March 11:02am
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[Assignment Spec] [Database Design] [Examples] [Testing] [Submitting] [Fixes+Updates]
Aims
This assignment aims to give you practice in
reading and understanding a small relational schema (BeerDB)
implementing SQL queries and views to satisfy requests for information
implementing PLpgSQL functions to aid in satisfying requests for information
The goal is to build some useful data access operations on the BeerDB database, which contains a wealth of information
about everyone's* favourite beverage, One aim of this assignment is to use SQL queries (packaged as views) to extract
such information. Another is to build PlpgSQL functions that can support higher-level activities, such as might be needed
in a Web interface.
* well, mine anyway ...
Summary
Submission: Login to Course Web Site > Assignments > Assignment 1 > [Submit] > upload ass1.sql
or,
on a CSE server, give cs3311 ass1 ass1.sql
Required Files: ass1.sql (contains both SQL views and PLpgSQL functions)
Deadline: 23:59 Friday 17 March
Marks: 12 marks toward your total mark for this course
Late Penalty: 5% per day off the ceiling mark (deducted hourly)
no submissions are permitted after 5 days
How to do this assignment:
read this specification carefully and completely
create a directory for this assignment
copy the supplied files into this directory
login to vxdb2 and run your PostgreSQL server**
(or run a PostgreSQL server installed on your home machine)
load the database and start exploring
complete the tasks below by editing ass1.sql
test your work on vxdb2, which is where it's tested
submit ass1.sql via WebCMS or give
Details of the above steps are given below. Note that you can put the files wherever you like; they do not have to be
under your /localstorage directory. You also edit your SQL files on hosts other than vxdb2. The only time that you
need to use vxdb2 is to manipulate your database. Since you can work at home machine, you don't have to use vxdb2
at all while developing your solution, but you should definitely test it there before submitting.
Introduction
In order to work with a database, it is useful to have some background in the domain of data being stored. Here is a very
quick tour of beer. If you want to know more, see the Wikipedia Beer Portal.
Beer is a fermented drink based on grain, yeast, hops and water. The grain is typically malted barley, but wide variety of
other grains (e.g. oats, rye) can be used. There are a wide variety of beers, differing in the grains used, the yeast strain,
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and the hops. More highly roasted grains produce darker beers, different types of yeast produce different flavour profiles,
and hops provide aroma and bitterness. To add even more variety, adjuncts (e.g. sugar, chocolate, flowers, pine needles,
to name but a few) can be added.
The following diagram gives a hint of the variety of beer styles:
To build a database on beer, we need to consider:
beer styles (e.g. lager, IPA, stout, etc., etc.)
ingredients (e.g. varieties of hops and grains, and adjuncts)
breweries, the facilities where beers are brewed
beers, specific recipes following a style, and made in a particular brewery
Specific properties that we want to consider:
ABV = alcohol by volume, a measure of a beer's strength
IBU = international bitterness units
each beer style has a range of ABVs for beers in that style
for each beer, we would like to store
its name (brewers like to use bizarre or pun-based names for their beers)
its style, actual ABV, actual IBU (optional), year it was brewed
type and size of containers it's sold in (e.g. 375mL can)
its ingredients (usually a partial list because brewers don't want to reveal too much)
for each brewery, we would like to store
its name, its location, the year it was founded, its website
The schema is described in more detail both as an ER model and an SQL schema in the schema page.
Doing this Assignment
The following sections describe how to carry out this assignment. Some of the instructions must be followed exactly;
others require you to exercise some discretion. The instructions are targetted at people doing the assignment on vxdb2.
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If you plan to work on this assignment at home on your own computer, you'll need to adapt the instructions to “local
conditions”.
If you're doing your assignment on the CSE machines, some commands must be carried out on vxdb2, while others
can (and probably should) be done on a CSE machine other than vxdb2. In the examples below, we'll use vxdb2$ to
indicate that the comand must be done on vxdb2 and cse$ to indicate that it can be done elsewhere.
Setting Up
The first step in setting up this assignment is to set up a directory to hold your files for this assignment.
cse$ mkdir /my/dir/for/ass1
cse$ cd /my/dir/for/ass1
cse$ cp /home/cs3311/web/23T1/assignments/ass1/ass1.sql ass1.sql
cse$ cp /home/cs3311/web/23T1/assignments/ass1/ass1.dump ass1.dump
This gives you a template for the SQL views and PLpgSQL functions that you need to submit. You edit this file, (re)load
the definitions into the database you created for the assignment, and test it there.
Speaking of the database, we have a modest sized database of all the beers that I've tasted over the last few years. We
make this available as a PostgreSQL dump file. If you're working at home, you will need to copy it onto your home
machine to load the database.
The next step is to set up your database:
... login to vxdb2, source env, run your server as usual ...
... if you already had such a database
vxdb2$ dropdb ass1
... create a new empty atabase
vxdb2$ createdb ass1
... load the database, saving the output in a file called log
vxdb2$ psql ass1 -f ass1.dump > log 2>&1
... check for error messages in the log; should be none
vxdb2$ grep ERR log
... examine the database contents ...
vxdb2$ psql ass1
The database loading should take less than 5 seconds on vxdb2. The ass1.dump files contains the schema and data
in a single file, along with a simple PLpgSQL function (dbpop*().
If you're running PostgreSQL at home, you'll need to load both ass1.sql and ass1.dump.
Think of some questions you could ask on the database (e.g. like the ones in the lectures) and work out SQL queries to
answer them.
One useful query is
ass1=# select * from dbpop();
This will give you a list of tables and the number of tuples in each. The dbpop() function is written in PLpgSQL, and
makes use of the PostgreSQL catalog. We'll look at this later in the term.
Your Tasks
Answer each of the following questions by typing SQL or PLpgSQL into the ass1.sql file. You may find it convenient to
work on each question in a temporary file, so that you don't have to keep loading all of the other views and functions
each time you change the one you're working on. Note that you can add as many auxuliary views and functions to
ass1.sql as you want. However, make sure that everything that's required to make all of your views and functions
work is in the ass1.sql file before you submit.
Note #1: many of the queries are phrased in the singular e.g. "Find the beer that ...". Despite the use of "beer" (singular),
it is possible that multiple beers satisfy the query. Because of this you should, in general, avoid the use of LIMIT 1.
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Note #2: the database is not a complete picture of beers in the Real World. Treat each question as being prefaced by
"According to the BeerDB database ...".
Note #3: you can assume that the names for styles and breweries are unique; you cannot assume this for beer names.
There are examples of the results of each view and function in the Examples page.
Q0 (Style) (2 marks)
Given that you've already taken multiple programming courses, we should be able to assume that you'll express your
code with good style conventions. But, just in case ...
You must ensure that your SQL queries follow a consistent style. The one I've been using in the lectures is fine. An
alternative, where the word JOIN comes at the start of the line, is also OK. The main thing is to choose one style and
use it consistently.
Similarly, PLpgSQL should be laid out like you would lay out any procedural programming language. E.g. bodies of loops
should be indented from the FOR or WHILE statement that introduces them. E.g. the body of a function should be
indented from the BEGIN...END.
Ugly, inconsistent layout of SQL queries and PLpgSQL functions will be penalised.
Q1 (2 marks)
Top rating beers are so delicious that you can't stop drinking once you open a container (bottle/can) containing one of
them. Of course, you need to be careful how much alcohol you're consuming as you finish the contents of the container.
Define an SQL view Q1(beer,"sold in",alcohol) that gives the name of a highly rated beer (rating must be
greater than 9), the size/kind of container that it's sold in, and what volume of alcohol is in that container. This can be
computed by (volume * ABV / 100). Examples of the precise format of each tuple is shown on the examples page.
Q2 (2 marks)
Beer styles are defined by an international panel in terms of the ABV, the bitterness, the colour, and the aroma/flavours
that you can expect in beers of that style. This database defines styles just in terms of minimum allowed ABV and
maximum allowed ABV.
Define an SQL view Q2(beer,style,abv,reason) that gives a list of beers that are out-of-style (i.e. their ABV is
either to low or too high for that style). For each such beer, give its name, the style that it claims to be, its actual ABV,
and a reason why it is out-of-style. See the examples file for the format of the reasons. Use numeric(4,1) to define
the format of ABV values and ABV differences.
Q3 (2 marks)
Define a view Q3(country,"#beers") that gives a list of all countries and the number of beers brewed in that
country (according to this database). The list should include all countries; if a country makes no beers, give a count of
zero. Assume that collaboration beers are brewed in both breweries, and count the countries for both breweries. Even if
both breweries are in the same country, count it as two separate beers for that country.
Q4 (2 marks)
Define a view Q4(beer,brewery,country) that gives information about the worst beers in the world. "Worst" is
determined by having a rating less than 3. Show the name of the offending beer, the offending brewery, and the country
where the beer was made.
Q5 (2 marks)
Define a view Q5(beer,ingredient,type) that gives the name of beers that use ingredients whose origin in the
Czech Republic.
Q6 (4 marks)
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Define a view Q6(beer) that gives the names of beers that use both the most popular hop and most popular grain in
their ingredients.
For the purposes of this exercise, treat "rolled" and "flaked" versions of grains as different from the base grain (e.g.
"flaked wheat" is not the same as "wheat"). Similarly, treat "cryo" versions of hops and different from the base hop (e.g.
"simcoe cryo" is not the same as "simcoe")
Q7 (2 marks)
Define a view Q7(brewery) that gives the names of any breweries that make no beers (accoring to this database).
Q8 (4 marks)
Write a PLpgSQL function that takes a beer id and returns the "full name" of the beer. The "full name" is formed by
prepending (part of) the brewery name to the beer name.
create or replace function Q8(_beer_id integer) returns text ...
You can work out beer IDs by looking the the Beers table. If you give an invalid beer ID, the function should return the
string 'No such beer'.
It doesn't make sense to include 'Brewing Co' or 'Beer Co' or 'Brewery' from the brewery name in the "full
name", so you should filter these out using the regular expression ' (Beer|Brew).*$'. If this filtering produces an
empty string, use the complete name of the brewery.
An example: "Mountain Culture Beer Co" is a brewery that makes a beer called "Cult IPA". We want this to appear as
"Mountain Culture Cult IPA" and not as "Mountain Culture Beer Co Cult IPA". Similarly, "Sierra Nevada Brewing
Company" makes a beer called "Pale Ale". We want this to have the full name "Sierra Nevada Pale Ale".
If the beer is brewed collaboratively, all breweries should appear before the beer name in their shortened form, and
separated by ' + '. You can assume that no collaboration involves more than two breweries. The order that the
breweries appear should be alphabetical on brewery name.
There are examples of how the function should behave in the Examples page.
Q9 (6 marks)
Write a PostgreSQL function that takes a string as argument and gets information about all beers that contain that string
somewhere in their name (use case-insensitive matching).
create or replace function Q9(partial_name text) returns setof BeerData ...
The BeerData type has three components:
beer: the name of the beer
brewer: the name of the brewery/breweries who make the beer
info: the ingredients used in making the beer
Note that some beers involve two breweries who collaborate in making the beer. These beers should not be shown
twice, once for each brewer. Instead, the brewer column should contain the names of all breweries in alphabetical
order, and separated by ' + '. There are examples of this in the Examples page.
The info should presented as a single text string, formatted as up to three lines: one containing a comma-separated
list of hops, one containing a comma-separated list of grains, and one containing a comma-separated list of adjuncts. If
no information is available about one of these types of ingredients, do not include a line for that type. Do not include a
final '\n' character in the result string.
An example of what the info should look like for a beer that uses all ingredient types:
Hops: Bravo,Centennial,Mosaic
Grain: Oats,Pale,Rye,Treticale,Wheat
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Extras: Lactose,Vanilla
The comma-separated ingredient lists should be in alphabetical order.
For collaboration beers, both breweries should appear, in alphabetical order and separated by ' + '. For this question,
you cannot assume that collaborations involve only two breweries.
Note that psql put a '+' at the end of each line to indicate that the string spans multiple lines. Ignore this; it's an output
artifact.
There are more examples of how the function should behave in the Examples page. In particular, if there are no beers
matching the partial_name, simply return an empty table (0 rows).
Submission and Testing
Submit your completed ass1.sql using give or Webcms3. We will test your submission by first creating a new beer
database, and then loading your code into it, and running your views and functions. We will conduct further tests by
loading a slight different version of the database (same schema, different data), loading your code into that database and
running further tests. More details of this are given in the submission and testing
pages.
Important note: if your code does not load correctly into a freshly created database, and we need to fix it to make it load,
you will be penalised 2 marks.
Have fun, jas