PSYC51A
Data Analysis Report # 1 (Descriptive Statistics)
1. (22.5 pts) Research Question: Does the type of judgment requested about a dynamic social interaction affect the accuracy of interpersonal perception?
1.1 (3.5 pts) i) Name the independent variable for this research question (1 pt); ii) Name the levels of the independent variable (1.5 pt; iii) Name and explain the scale on which the levels of the independent variable are defined (1 pt).
i) (1 pt)
The type of judgment requested about a dynamic social interaction.
ii) (1.5pt; .5pt per level).
· Dominance = status, judge the status or rank of an individual in a social interaction
· Affiliation = kinship, judge the type of relationship an individual have with others
· Deception = trustworthiness, judge the trustworthiness of an individual
iii) . (1 pt).
The levels of the independent variable are defined on a nominal scale. This is because the three levels are qualitative, representing distinct categories rather than numerical values.
1.2 (1.5 pts) Give an operational definition for each level of the independent variables.
Dominance (construct): In the interaction, who has higher authority over others and which social status does the individual have?
Affiliation(construct): In the interaction, what is the relationship between them? Who is more polite and friendly, and who is more willing to cooperate with others?
Deception(construct): In the interaction, who is more trustworthy and who is more deceptive?
1.3. (3 pts) i) Name the dependent variable of this research question, in terms of the construct being studied (1 pt). ii) Give the operational definition of the dependent variable for this research question (1pt). iii) Is the dependent variable discrete or continuous; what type of scale of is it measured on? (1 pt)
i) (1 pt).
The accuracy of the dynamic social perception.
ii) (1 pt).
The number of questions that are answered correctly or incorrectly.
iii) (1 pt).
It is discrete because it consists of whole number values. It is measured on a ratio scale since it has a true zero point, and the intervals between values are equal.
1.4 (1 pt) What kind of experimental design is this, and why?
This is likely a pre-experimental design because there is no random assignment or a control group. Participants are exposed to a specific condition without randomization, which means it will be hard to establish strong causal relationships between the independent and dependent variables.
1.5 (9 pts) i) Submit a descriptive statistics table for all conditions (levels of the IV) containing the mean, median, and mode, standard deviation, interquartile range, and quartiles (3 pt); ii) For each condition, submit a frequency distribution table (3 pt); iii) For each conditions, submit a histogram (3 pt). Every individual table or plot should be labeled sufficiently to be understood without any accompanying text (as if it were standing alone), and all the plots should be arranged in a group to provide the best visual summary for the reader. NOTE: start this question on a new page so there will be room for all your plots/tables to show as a group on the same page.
i)
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Descriptive Statistics: IPT Questions Correct (0-3) by Judgment Type
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|
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N
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Mode
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Median
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Mean
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St. Dev.
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IQR
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25%
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50%
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75%
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|
Dominance
|
99
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1.000
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1.000
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1.162
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0.695
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1.000
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1.000
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1.000
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2.000
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|
Affiliation
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99
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1.000
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1.000
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1.121
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0.798
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1.000
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1.000
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1.000
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2.500
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|
Deception
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99
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2.000
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2.000
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1.818
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0.825
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1.500
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1.000
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2.000
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2.000
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ii)
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IPT # Correct (0-3) by Judgment Type
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Dominance
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Affiliation
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Deception
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#Correct
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Frequency
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#Correct
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Frequency
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#Correct
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Frequency
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0
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17
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0
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21
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0
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5
|
|
1
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49
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1
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50
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1
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29
|
|
2
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33
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2
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23
|
2
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44
|
|
3
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0
|
3
|
5
|
3
|
21
|
|
Total
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99
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Total
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99
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Total
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99
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iii) Dominance Affiliation Deception
1.6. (3 pts) For this research question, we expect subjects to get 1 IPT question correct by chance (guessing the answer to the questions without any information about the scenes). This is because there is a 1/3 chance of guessing each scene correct and each subject saw three scenes for each type of judgment, so 1/3 * 3= 1.) Using this calculation, indicate how much each observed mean (# correct) was above or below chance (answer must be correct to 2 decimal places), and what percent of subjects (in the frequency distributions) scored above chance (answer must be correct to 1 decimal place):
Dominance: Mean was 0.16 chance;
33.3% of scores were above chance.
Affiliation: Mean was 0.12 chance;
28.3% of scores were above chance.
Deception: Mean was 0.82 chance;
65.7% of scores were above chance.
1.7 (1.5 pts) What is the best conclusion you can reach about the research question based on the descriptive statistics in the previous questions? Be sure to refer directly to the research question. Use at least one descriptive statistical comparison to support your conclusion.
The accuracy of the dynamic social perception depends on the type of judgment. Participants were more accurate in judging deception, as shown by the mean score for deception (1.818), which is significantly higher than the means for dominance (1.162) and affiliation (1.121). Additionally, 65.7% of participants scored above chance for deception judgments, compared to only 33.3% for dominance and 28.3% for affiliation, indicating higher accuracy when assessing deception.
The distribution of scores for dominance and affiliation is slightly positively skewed, with means (1.162 for dominance, 1.121 for affiliation) higher than their medians, which means lower accuracy in these judgments. Deception showed a slight negative skew, with a mean of 1.818 and a median of 2, meaning that participants were more accurate in detecting deception. All distributions fit the normal distribution model, indicating consistent results across participants.
2. (19.5 pts) Research Question: Does the accuracy of judging dynamic social interactions differ depending on the channel of non-verbal information?
2.1 (2 pts) Name i) the independent variable for this research question (1 pt), and ii) the levels of the independent variable (1 pt). Answers may be in terms of either constructs or operational definitions.
i) (1 pt).
channel of non-verbal information
ii) (1 pt).
transcript. (verbal channel) and audio visual (verbal and non-verbal channels)
2.2 (1 pt) Assuming subjects were randomly assigned to the levels of the independent variable, what kind of experimental design is this, and why?
True experiment, because participants are randomly assigned to conditions. And the researcher can manipulate the transcript. and full-channel treatments, which ensures that each participant receives one of the two conditions.
2.3 (6 pts) i) Submit a descriptive statistics table for all conditions (levels of the IV) containing the mean, median, and mode, standard deviation, interquartile range, and quartiles (2 pt); ii) For each condition, submit a frequency distribution table (2 pt); iii) For each condition, submit a histogram (2 pt). Every individual table or plot should be labeled sufficiently to be understood without any accompanying text (as if it were standing alone), and all the plots should be arranged in a group to provide the best visual summary for the reader
i)
ii)
iii) Transcript. Audio-Visual
2.4 (3 pts) i) Copy the sample histograms from the previous question here (1pt).
Transcript. Audio-Visual
ii) Copy a normal curve template onto each of the sample histograms, resizing so the peak is approximately aligned with the sample mean and the width approximates the sample standard deviation (don’t worry about the height) (1 pt) . iii) Copy those curves onto the common scale below, aligning their peaks with the scores on the common scale which match the sample means and their widths correspond to the interval on the common scale which matches the standard deviation of the sample. (1 pt)
2.5 (2 pts) Rate how well each sample distribution fits the model of a normal, bell-shaped distribution (good , fair, poor), and justify your rating in terms of unimodality, asymptotic decrease of frequency with distance from the mode, symmetry (or skewness), and outliers (Note: Skewness assessments only need to be made on the basis of visual inspection; no statistics are needed).
Audio-Visual: (1 pt) This is a good fit because it is unimodal, it has a clear peak at the center and symmetrical distribution, and no outliers.
Transcript. (1 pt) Transcript. This is also a good fit, because it is unimodal, it shows symmetry with a central peak and no outliers.
2.6 (2 pts) Submit an interval plot (JASP command) comparing the levels of the IV. The plot should be well labelled and formatted for easy visualization and stand-alone comprehensibility.
2.7 (2 Pts) Analysis of descriptive statistics.
i) What scores are in the middle 50% of each group? Transcript. 2.0 - 3.0; A-V: 4.0 - 6.0
ii) % of Transcript. subjects scoring below the middle 50% of the A-V group 78%
% of Transcript. subjects scoring above the middle 50% of the A-V group 0%
% of A-V subjects scoring below the middle 50% of the Transcript. group 0%
% of A-V subjects scoring above the middle 50% of the Transcript. group 93.88%
2.8 (1.5 pts) What is the best conclusion you can reach about the research question? Use at least two descriptive statistical comparisons presented in previous sub-questions to support your conclusion. Make sure you address the research question.
(1 pt)
In conclusion, there is a large difference in performance between the Transcript. and Audio-Visual groups, which means that the mean and standard deviation are more informative than measures like the median, mode, or range. The mean correct judgment for the Audio-Visual group (5.27) was higher than for the Transcript. group (2.96), which means audio-visual have better accuracy. Additionally, the range for the middle 50% of the Audio-Visual group (4-6) was wider compared to the Transcript. group (2-3), suggesting that most participants in the Audio-Visual group outcompete those in the Transcript. group.