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讲解 BIOLOGY Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills 2辅导 留学生数据结构程序

BIOLOGY

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Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills 2

May/June 2024

1     Some fruits  contain  protease  enzymes.These enzymes can denature the proteins in milk,causing the milk to clot.

You will investigate the effect of protease concentration on the time taken for milk to clot.

You will use your results to estimate the concentration of protease in a fruit extract.

You are provided with the materials shown in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1

labelled

contents

hazard

volume/cm³

P

100%protease solution

none

50

M

milk

none

30

W

distilled water

none

100

U

fruit extract containing unknown protease concentration

none

20

If any solution comes into contact with your skin,wash off immediately under cold water.

It is recommended that you wear suitable eye protection.

You will  need to  make different concentrations of protease solution,using  proportional dilution of the   100%protease   solution,P.

You will need to prepare  10cm³of each concentration,using P and W.

Table 1.2 shows how to prepare one of the concentrations of protease you will use.

Decide which other concentrations of protease you will use.

(a)(i)        Complete  Table   1.2  to   show  how  you  will   prepare  the   concentrations  of  protease  you will  use.

Table  1.2

percentage concentration of protease

volume of P /cm³

volume of W Icm³

100

10.0

0.0

Carry out step 1 to step 8.

step  1     Stir    the     100%protease    solution,P.In     the    beakers     provided,prepare    the concentrations of protease as shown in Table 1.2.

step 2     Label test-tubes with the concentrations of protease stated in Table 1.2.

step 3     Put  2cm³of  milk,M,into  each  labelled  test-tube.

step 4     Put  1cm³of the  100%protease  solution,P,into  the appropriately labelled test-tube

Start timing.

step 5    Hold the test-tube at an angle and slowly rotate the test-tube as shown in  Fig.1.1.

Hold a piece of black card behind the test-tube and observe the thin layer of milk on the side of the test-tube.

step  6    As soon as a number of small clots appear,stop timing and record the value in(a)(ii).

If there are no clots after 180 seconds,stop timing and record as 'more than 180'.

Fig.1.1

step  7  Repeat  step  4  to  step  6  with  each  of  the  other  concentrations  of  protease  you prepared in step 1.Record your results in (a)(ii).

step 8     Repeat step 2 to step 7 using clean test-tubes.

(ii)Record   the two sets of results in an appropriate table.

(iii)   Suggest one source of error in the procedure described in step 6 of this investigation.

(iv)   Suggest why the procedure was repeated.

(v)   To estimate the concentration of proteasein fruit extract U, you willneed to test a sample of the   extract.

State the volume of fruit extract U that you will use.

volume = cm3

(vi) Record the time taken for clots to appear using fruit extract U.

time taken =

(vii) Use your results from (a)(ii) and (a)(vi) to estimate the concentration of protease in fruit extract U.

(viii )  With reference to your estimate in(a )(vii ), suggest how you would modify this procedure

to obtain a more accurate value forthe concentration of protease in fruit extract U.

(b)The  effect  of  pH  on  the  activity  of  the   protease   enzyme  actinidin  in  fruit  extract  was investigated.

Table 1.3 shows the results of the investigation.

Table 1.3

pH

protease activity /μmolmin-¹mg-1

1.8

0.00

4.0

20.25

5.1

24.00

6.1

28.25

7.4

22.50

8.5

6.75

(i)Plot a graph of the data shown in Table 1.3 on the grid in Fig.1.2.

(ii)    Use the data in Table 1.3 and your graph in Fig.1.2 to explain theeffect  of pH onthe activity    of protease.

2 K1 is a slide of a stained transverse section through a plant leaf.

(a) (i)     Draw a large plan diagram of the region of the leaf on K1 indicated by the shaded area in Fig.2.1.Use  a  sharp  pencil.

Use one ruled label line and label to identify a vascular bundle.

Fig.2.1

(ii)Observe the trichomes on the  leaf on  K1.

Select a group of four adjacent cells that includes three epidermal cells and one trichome.

Each cell must touch at least one other cell.

· Make a large drawing of this group of four cells.

·      Use one ruled label line and label to identify the cell wall of the trichome.

(iii)The presence of trichomes on K1 suggests the leaf is from a plant that is a xerophyte.

State  one  other  observable  feature  that  suggests  the  leaf  is  from  a  plant  that  is  a xerophyte.

(b)(i)Fig.2.2  is  a  scanning  electron   micrograph  of  an  open  stoma.

Fig.2.2

Line P-Q represents the width of the paired guard cells that form the stoma.

Line R-S represents the width of the stoma.

Calculate the width of the stoma as a percentage of the width of line P-Q.

Show your working and give your answer to two significant figures.

(ii)Fig.2.3 and Fig.2.4 are photomicrographs of the leaf surface from different plants.

Fig.2.3

Fig.2.4

Identify three observable features that are different between the leaf surface in Fig.2.3 and the leaf surface in Fig.2.4.

Record these three observable features in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

feature

Fig.2.3

Fig.2.4

1

2

3




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