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ENG1012 Project

Report

1. Introduction

This report presents a conceptual upgrade for the Lang Lang Water Recycling Plant (LL). The enhancements are in response to possible issues arising from population growth, which will cause an increase in inflow. This project is being undertaken for the ENG1012 (Engineering Design) unit. Along with Monash University, the CMP Consulting Group is driving this initiative.

The primary aim of this report is to propose a long-term and sustainable design upgrade that addresses the current capacity constraints of the plant and also sets the stage for future upgrades. The design also aims to balance technical requirements with environmental and social constraints.

The report focuses on the following key elements:

●   Analyzing the existing processes and challenges at the LL Water Recycling Plant.

●   The design for upgrading the wastewater treatment equipment.

An overview of the report:

●    Background and Context.

● An analysis of the current issues,

●   A design proposal utilizing a solution-independent problem statement, stakeholders, and other requirements.

● The team structure and various roles assigned.

● Conclusion and recommendations.

2. Background

The Water Recycling Plant (WRP) is one of the most significant pieces of civil infrastructure in a city. However, due to population growth and climate change, the Lang Lang Water Recycling Plant is approaching its capacity limit, which is currently 1 ML/day. The plant must expand its capacity to meet the increasing demand. Once the plant is upgraded, the limit will be increased to 4 times the current. This will enable all currently unsewered areas and future developments within the township to connect seamlessly to the South East network, ensuring comprehensive and sustainable wastewater management for the entire region (Cardinia Shire Council, 2009).

2.1 Influence factor

The township of Lang Lang is located approximately 70 kilometers southeast from the centre of Melbourne, near the South Gippsland Highway (Monash University and The University of Queensland, 2015). The soils in the Lang Lang region have low permeability as they are primarily composed of peaty clay. This presents engineering challenges due to the difficulty of drainage and stability in construction.

Lang Lang is situated on the southern edge of the Koo Wee Rup Swamp and lies south of the Lang Lang River, which flows into Western Port Bay. As an important role for local agriculture, the Lang Lang River supplies water for irrigation, dairy farms, and domestic water. This town also has an extensive dairy farm, Caldermeade Farm. Moreover, according to the Cardinia Shire Council (2009), the mangrove-salt marsh vegetation of Westernport Bay has regional, national, and international significance, and it has been acknowledged that the marsh vegetation plays an important role in stabilising the coastal system and providing wildlife habitats. Taylor (2024) agrees with that and says the Western Port is an important habitat for migratory birds. Hence, the upgrade of the Lang Lang WRP comes with extra challenges that would not be present if this.

Another challenge associated with the transport of Lang Lang is that historically, there was a railway through it. However, the station in Lang Lang operated until the closure of the railway line between Cranbourne Station and Leongatha Station in 1993. The main transport is currently served by bus services connecting it to Melbourne and surrounding areas. Thus, transport will be one of the main problems.

The climate is also an influencing factor that we need to consider. According to Taylor (2024), the sea levels near Lang Lang are rising due to climate change, and this will cause coastal inundation and saline intrusion. As mentioned, the salty sea water might impact the septic systems while it flows through the groundwater.

2.2 Current Issue

The Lang Lang Water Reclamation Plant is facing escalating inflows, predominantly driven by the local expanding population and increasingly stringent environmental regulations.

2.3 Impact

Without any change, the current issues and dangers will harm the environment and living surrounding.

2.3.1 Impact of Change

If the Lang Lang Water Recycling Plant is upgraded, the plant will be able to improve the efficiency of its operations and provide a reliable wastewater treatment system, and it will also prevent environmental damage from untreated wastewater. According to the CMD project brief(), the Lang Lang WRP is expanding its capacity to handle more wastewater to meet the increasing population in the surrounding area. According to South East Water & CMP Consulting Group, the plant will be upgraded to enhance a suitable disinfection process to face the growing future demand. Furthermore, the odour control will also be improved, such as the air quality will be enhanced before release. One more important one is reusing the water safely because it will lead to severe complications, not only people's health issues but also the safety of wildlife.

2.3.1 Impact of Unchanged

If nothing changes, pollution will be the main problem. Due to the limitation of capacity, the untreated wastewater will directly flow into the environment. For example, wastewater will impact the marine ecosystem because the chemicals and heavy metals that are contained in untreated wastewater will kill most of the marine life, like fish and algae (Fabien, 2024).

3. Solution Independent Problem Statement

The Lang Lang Water Recycling Plant is getting close to its treatment capacity due to population growth and the effects of climate change. This puts pressure on its ability to reliably and sustainably manage increasing wastewater volumes. The project will upgrade the plant so it can handle an average of 4 megalitres per day and peak flows of up to 240 litres per second. In the project, we will deliver a concept design that expands the existing infrastructure to handle projected demands. We’ll also make sure to factor in environmental responsibility and work with traditional owners throughout the process. In addition, the project will involve a feasibility assessment to investigate potential upgrades to the recycled water system.

4. Stakeholders

Stakeholders are one of the important analytical parts of the project. The following  part will analyze both the components and relationships among the stakeholders. Stakeholders can be divided into two parts, including 3 key stakeholders and other indirect stakeholders to be considered. The 3 primary stakeholders are the South East Water company (SEW), the CMP consulting company and the student engineers executive team.

4.1 Key Stakeholders

4.1.1 South East Water Company (SEW)

SEW company, as both the client and fund investor, possessed the most ultimate decision-making power. According to its website brief, SEW manages the extensive water resources across a vast area, which will have a huge impact on the life and environment around the region(in the southeast of Melbourne city). As an enterprise of the Australia-owned sector, SEW is regulated by the Department of Health for drinking water quality and the Environment Protection Authority for recycled water quality, and the Essential Services Commission is the water industry’s economic regulator[]. Furthermore, SEW is the employee of the CMP consulting company and provides specific demands to the engineers' executive team, which should comply with laws and regulations. Additionally, SEW is driven by the need to address capacity issues at the Lang Lang WRP.

Once the project is finished, SEW are supposed to evaluate the consequences and changes of Lang Lang WRP with the engineers teams. To guarantee the feasibility of the project, SEW should consider three possibilities of the consequence (positive, neutral and negative). For example, how do you maintain and make further improvements if positive? How do you  improve and change the parts of the project if you are neutral? What to reflect  on and re-evaluate if negative? Besides, SEW should provide water discharge standards according to the Victoria government. Every step taken by SEW will influence the action and interest of any other stakeholders.

4.1.2 CMP Consulting Company

CMP acts as the secondary important role during the project. In general, the consulting company always plays the role of project supervision and acts as a neutral intermediary between the owner and contractors during the engineering programme. In this Lang Lang upgrade project, as the technology agent, CMP can be regarded as the assistant who is responsible for helping SEW evaluate the cons and pros of the implementation scheme. Since the SEW can not communicate with the student engineers team directly, CMP also works as the communication bridge between them, which ensures the accuracy and convenience of the project information exchange and sharing, such as the budget, time limit, and some specific demands. In addition, one of the most practical contributions made by CMP should be experience sharing. Its group can combine some actual engineering challenges(sludge and sewage treatment) with the student engineers’ ideas, which will not only increase the feasibility of the project but also balance the implementation innovation and professionalism. This is one of the ultimate impacts that is expected to happen on the student engineers.

4.1.3 Student Engineers Executive Team

As the conductors of the upgrade project, this team should not only put forward their innovative proposals(Lang Lang capacity upgrade, long-lasting scheme and treatment improvement) but also accurately carry out the project content. It requires the engineers team to be equipped with professional and  sufficient knowledge reserves, such as civil, technology, electrical and environmental knowledge. Furthermore, the team is supposed to clarify and follow the specific instructions from SEW and CMP, facilitated by the Monash team. Both considering the feasibility and potential risk of the Lang Lang upgrade action, the student engineers can find the optimal solution in terms of academic innovation and cost consideration by clear role division.

4.2 Indirect Stakeholders

In addition to the key stakeholders, Indirect entities should be taken into consideration as well, since it can help refine the entire plan and locate the details that might have been ignored.

4.2.1 Lang Lang WRP

As the majority during the upgrade transformation program, WRP should provide its basic operation situation and capacity difficulty to the engineering team. Besides, its geographical location and deteriorated equipments should  be evaluated again to ensure sustainable developement. No matter how it will be upgraded, WRP is supposed to ensure the operation of STP(sewage treatment and discharge) and RWTP(water purification for non-drinking purposes and irrigation), which maintain the normal life of the surrounding residents and the environment.

4.2.2 Residents and Environment nearby

Residents and the environment are two entities that will be directly affected by the upgrade project of Lang Lang WRP. If the project ultimately maintains and improves the water resource quality in the future, the residents can gain more  pure water for their daily lives. Additionally, the irrigation system can make full use of the discharged water, which not only ensures the growth of green plants but also makes the utilization of resources more environmentally friendly.

4.2.3 Local government

Since a big project will be conducted, all the stakeholders should obey the criteria and standards in Victoria, which means this project is carried out under the supervision of the government departments. For example, we should get permission from some departments, such as the EPA Victoria(environmental protection agency), DELWP(water resources management agency Victoria) and detailed civil departments. It is essential to get official permission to guarantee safety.

4.2.4 Area Landowner

In addition to considering government agencies, we have to get permission from the traditional landowner, which shows great respect to the culture and indigenous Australians. All conductors should execute the proposal with the least loss of land as possible as we can to both protect the environment and the original land resources.

5. Design Requirements

5.1 Constraints

The design must comply with a range of environmental, operational, and regulatory constraints:

● Site Capacity: The current plant has a treatment capacity of 1 ML/day, which needs to be increased to 4 ML/day average flow and 240 L/s peak instantaneous flow. The expansion is restricted by limited land availability, as the site is bordered by residential and agricultural zones.

● Regulatory Compliance: The upgrade must adhere to EPA Victoria environmental discharge limits, public health regulations for Class A recycled water, and odour control standards.

● Staged Construction Feasibility: Phase 1 (WWTP upgrade) begins construction in 2028; Phase 2 (RWTP feasibility) is only in preliminary assessment in 2025. Therefore, future integration must be planned without significant downtime during construction.

● Sludge Handling Limitations: Current sludge thickening and transport  infrastructure is limited (4.3 m³/d thickened solids). Major upgrades must maintain continuity of sludge removal.

● Odour Treatment Capacity: Bio-trickling and carbon filters are sized for 1 ML/day. Any increased sludge or inlet flow must be evaluated for odour control expansion.

Assumptions:

●    Population growth continues at the projected rate (doubling by 2040).

●    External contractors will perform. construction; the design must anticipate third-party interpretation.

●    No change to the incoming sewage network or customer-side Class A water delivery systems (per exclusions).

5.2 Criteria

The main goals for the upgrade of the wastewater treatment plant are to minimise costs, improve efficiency, and ensure the project is environmentally sustainable. The key priority is to construct a facility that increases the capacity of water treatment while reducing the impact on the surrounding community. The project also aims to  stay on schedule and meet performance expectations throughout construction and operation.

Several key assumptions underpin the design criteria. It is assumed that population growth will increase demand for wastewater treatment, requiring expanded capacity. The project also assumes that clean energy technologies will be accessible and affordable, supporting sustainability goals. Construction is expected to proceed without major disruption to existing operations, and efficient, locally sourced materials and labour will be available. Lastly, it is assumed that community support will be strong if environmental impacts are minimised and the project delivers clear long- term benefits.

During the construction phase, efforts will be made to minimise disruption to existing operations. This includes limiting interference with current equipment, reducing construction noise, and closely monitoring environmental conditions around the site. Special care will be taken to avoid negatively affecting the daily lives of nearby residents, ensuring that the upgrade delivers long-term benefits with minimal short- term inconvenience.

Table 1: Weighted criteria.

5.3 Functions

The core function of the upgraded Lang Lang Water Recycling Plant is to treat wastewater in a way that reliably meets future demand. With projected flows increasing to 4 megalitres per day and peak loads reaching 240 litres per second, the treatment process must be robust enough to handle larger volumes while maintaining performance. This means ensuring that the plant consistently removes organic matter, nitrogen, and pathogens, producing water suitable for safe reuse under Class A standards. Strengthening the disinfection system through technologies like ultrafiltration and ultraviolet (UV) treatment is key to meeting health and safety requirements.

In addition to these core goals, several supporting functions will help ensure the success of the upgrade. Managing odour effectively is important, especially given the plant’s proximity to residential and agricultural areas. The system must also deal with increased sludge volumes efficiently, so upgrades to sludge thickening and transport  systems need to be considered. The design should also allow for future expansion of the recycled water system (Phase 2) without major rework or disruption.

5.4 Scope

The scope includes evaluating and proposing improvements to key systems such as the activated sludge process, odour control mechanisms, and sludge handling infrastructure. The design must account for staged construction, ensuring that the plant remains operational during the upgrade and that work can be handed over to an external contractor by the proposed 2028 start date.

Although the recycled water system is not being upgraded at this stage, the scope includes a high-level feasibility assessment to guide potential future upgrades. This involves identifying suitable disinfection methods to meet future Class A water quality requirements, as well as evaluating how increased demand will impact storage and delivery systems. Elements outside the scope include any changes to the sewage collection network that brings wastewater into the plant, modifications to winter storage lagoons, and customer-side recycled water infrastructure.

The project also looks at whether the planned upgrade of the Lang Lang Wastewater Treatment Plant will be approved and whether it will be able to meet future demand. It focuses mainly on the Land Lang site and considers the need for partial demolition, reconstruction, and work around the existing plant. Key issues include whether there is enough land, financial backing, and community support to carry out the project.

6. Topics requiring in-depth research

● What FOS (Factor of Safety) should be considered while planning the upgrade?

●    Is there a specific budget we should keep in mind?